A comparative analysis of vibrissa count and infraorbital foramen area in primates and other mammals

Vibrissae are specialized sensory “hairs” that respond to mechanical stimuli. Sensory information from vibrissae is transmitted to the brain via the infraorbital nerve, which passes through the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Several analyses have documented that primates have smaller IOFs than non-primate mammals, and that haplorhines have smaller IOFs than strepsirrhines. These grade shifts in IOF area were attributed to differences in “vibrissa development.” Following earlier analyses, IOF area has been used to derive a general estimate of “whiskeredness” in extinct primates, and consequently, IOF area has been used in phylogenetic and paleoecological interpretations. Yet, the relationship between IOF area and vibrissa count has not been tested, and little is known about how IOF area and vibrissa counts vary among mammals. This study explores how relative IOF area and vibrissa count differ among 25 mammalian orders, and tests for a correlation between IOF area and vibrissa count. Results indicate that primates and dermopterans (Primatomorpha) have smaller IOFs than most non-primate mammals, but they do not have fewer vibrissae. In addition, strepsirrhines and haplorhines do not differ from one another in relative IOF area or vibrissa counts. Despite different patterns documented for IOF area and vibrissa count variation across mammals, results from this study do confirm that vibrissa count and IOF area are significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.0001). However, there is considerable scatter in the data, suggesting that vibrissa counts cannot be predicted from IOF area. There are three implications of these finding. First, IOF area reflects all mechanoreceptors in the maxillary region, not just vibrissae. Second, IOF area may be an informative feature in interpretations of the fossil record. Third, paleoecological interpretations based on vibrissae are not recommended.     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋

首次报道中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋Aspidistra connata H.-J.Tillich,该种与辐花蜘蛛抱蛋A.subrotata Y.Wanet C.C.Huang相似,但叶片长椭圆形至长卵状椭圆形,花被顶端8～10裂,裂片线形,顶端联合不分开,形成一个笼状包围着雌蕊可与后者区别。凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK)。     

广东省野生植物一新记录科——蜡梅科

报道了广东省野生植物一新记录科--蜡梅科(Calycanthaceae)、一新记录属--蜡梅属(Chimonanthus)及一新记录种--山蜡梅(Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.).标本存放于华南农业大学林学院树木标本室(CANT).     

秦岭植物区系一新记录科——茶茱萸科

首次报道了茶茱萸科(Icacinaceae)假柴龙树属(Nothapodytes Bl.)马比木[Nothapodytes pittosporoides (Oliv.) Sleum.]在秦岭南坡(陕西省山阳县)的分布,为秦岭植物区系增加一新记录科--茶茱萸科     

中国情境下医院社会责任的概念及内涵解析

《病历书写基本规范》在原试行版经过为期7年多的实践的基础上得到了进一步的完善,并于2010年3月1日起正式施行。与试行版相比,新的《病历书写基本规范》彰显出七大特点,但在对文书记录者身份的要求、实习医务人员及试用期医务人员书写病历内容范围、前后用词的统一性等方面仍值得商榷。对此提出建议：明确每一种文书记录者的身份或资格;用词规范并前后统一;高度重视医嘱管理。     

中国兰科玉凤兰属一新记录种—— 奇花玉凤兰

报道了中国海南兰科植物一新记录种,奇花玉凤兰Habenaria anomaliflora H.Kurzweil＆S.Chan-tanaorrapint。本种的主要特征是花不规则,花萼与花瓣相似且唇瓣无距。     

THE SHAPE OF THE PHANEROZOIC MARINE PALAEODIVERSITY CURVE: HOW MUCH CAN BE PREDICTED FROM THE SEDIMENTARY ROCK RECORD OF WESTERN EUROPE?

Abstract:  Palaeodiversity curves are constructed from counts of fossils collected at outcrop and thus potentially biased by variation in the rock record, specifically by the amount of sedimentary rock representative of different time intervals that has been preserved at outcrop. To investigate how much of a problem this poses we have compiled a high-resolution record of marine rock outcrop area in Western Europe for the Phanerozoic and use this to generate a model that predicts the sampled diversity curve. We find that we can predict with high accuracy the variance of the marine genus diversity curve (itself dominated by European taxa) from rock outcrop data and a three-step model of diversity that tracks supercontinent fragmentation, coalescence and fragmentation. The size and position of two of the five major mass extinction spikes are largely predicted by rock outcrop data. We conclude that the long-term trends in taxonomic diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction are not the result of rock area bias, but cannot rule out that rock outcrop area bias explains many of the short-term rises and falls in sampled diversity that palaeontologists have previously sought to explain biologically.     

中国兰科植物三个新记录种

报道了中国兰科植物的三个新记录种,裂唇卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum picturatum),长柄虾脊兰(Calan-the allizettei)和绿花毛兰(Eria lanigera)。裂唇卷瓣兰的中萼片全缘前部具一粒状附属物,唇瓣基部两侧具耳。长柄虾脊兰的中裂片非常小并具三条褶片。黄花毛兰的花黄绿色,唇瓣不裂。     

西畴青冈——贵州壳斗科一新记录种

报道了贵州壳斗科植物一新记录种——西畴青冈,并进行了补充描述,同时对该种的生存现状进行评价。     

河北省小五台山自然保护区蚜蝇科昆虫的调查(双翅目)

通过对河北省小五台山自然保护区蚜蝇科昆虫的调查,结合整理河北大学博物馆馆藏蚜蝇科昆虫标本,鉴定出小五台山自然保护区蚜蝇科昆虫54种,包括10新种,3中国新记录种,隶属于2亚科、9族、27属。文中给出种类名录及新种、新记录种描述和特征图。新种正模标本保存于河北大学博物馆,副模标本保存于陕西理工学院陕西省资源生物重点实验室。